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This is a curated guide organizing a decade of blog posts into thematic paths covering programming fundamentals, distributed systems, epistemology, and societal ideas, with the underlying premise that deep understanding across these domains leads to better decision-making and liberation from confusion. The guide directs readers to explore topics ranging from functional programming and React state management to local-first architecture, statistical reasoning, and how foundational myths shape civilizations.
The Ironist (Gen-Z) and the Ground
Gen-Z's pervasive irony and detachment from sincerity create two contrasting paths in romantic relationships: one man maintains layers of performance and ironic distance in dating and intimacy, while another man chooses vulnerability and directness, allowing himself to be fully present without protective posturing. The post explores how the constant translation of experience into performable content and the fear of earnestness fundamentally alter one's capacity for genuine connection and embodied experience.
What If the Thing You’re Protecting Yourself From Is the Only Thing That Can Save You?
Humanity has lost the capacity for genuine encounter with otherness — the experience of being fundamentally changed by something that resists and exceeds us — because modern institutions systematically shield us from anything that might disturb our preferences and equilibrium. This protective infrastructure, rooted in treating all reality as manipulable objects for sovereign individuals, produces a paradoxical condition where we have unprecedented comfort but cannot be transformed, driving us to seek the friction and intensity we've eliminated through obsessive consumption, wellness extremism, and outrage. Recovery requires reviving three lost capacities: genuine attention that transcends instrumental use, submission to authority beyond the self, and commitment that costs something irreversible.
Nine Months, Two Men
A blog post explores how two men—who are the same person with the same wife and same traumatic memory of her near-fatal hemorrhage during their first delivery—respond differently when she becomes pregnant again. The first man spirals into anxiety-driven research and catastrophic planning, avoiding intimacy and isolating himself through obsessive spreadsheets and late-night calculations, while the second man acknowledges his fear directly, makes practical preparations, shares his concerns with his wife, and learns to live with uncertainty rather than trying to eliminate it. The narrative demonstrates how two fundamentally different approaches to processing trauma and anxiety lead to divergent emotional and relational outcomes during the same nine-month pregnancy.
The Gaze
Each generation constructs a defensive self designed to avoid the judgment that destroyed their parents, creating an escalating arms race of identity-protection rather than genuine progress or liberation. The pre-Boomer self was an unself-conscious inheritance, the Boomers invented the expressive self through rebellion against conformity but inadvertently created performance, Gen X responded with disengaged irony to expose Boomer hypocrisy, and Millennials inherited contradictory messages that pushed them toward optimized, curated identities. Ultimately, this cycle of defensive self-construction has created a final generation so defended against the gaze of others that it can no longer be authentically reached by anything.
The Cage and the Argument About Its Curtains
The culture war operates within an invisible cage of market totality—where all human life has been absorbed into market logic—while both left and right argue about surface-level differences without questioning the system itself. The cultural left fights for inclusive access to markets rather than escape from market logic, while the right nostalgically defends traditional values that markets themselves have destroyed, making both sides' arguments structurally unable to address the underlying problem. The real stakes of politics remain hidden because the entire debate is confined within a framework where market logic is the only available language.
The Invisible Right: On What Becomes Synonymous With Reality
Markets evolved from a neutral tool for exchange embedded in traditional societies into an all-encompassing ideology that now structures all human activity, including education, healthcare, and relationships, rendering alternative ways of organizing life literally unthinkable. Drawing on Polanyi's concept of the "great transformation" and Heidegger's notion of "enframing," the post argues that this rightist colonization remains invisible precisely because it has become synonymous with reality itself—it no longer presents itself as an ideology to be debated but as the natural order of how things are. The post contends that this transformation represents not merely economic change but a fundamental shift in how humans disclose and perceive the world, reducing everything, including human beings, to optimizable resources.
What Holds You
The essay maps a four-layer architecture of modern captivity, from the outermost cage of market logic down through power concentration, human violence, to the innermost colonized body and mind that prevents people from even perceiving the systems that trap them. The author argues that addressing these layers in the correct order is essential, and that most political and intellectual projects fail because they ignore Layer Zero—the physiologically and psychologically captured interior—which must be restored before any meaningful change can occur. The body, shaped by industrial conditions of poor sleep, processed food, dysregulated nervous systems, and hijacked dopamine circuits, is where the deepest colonization happens and therefore where genuine liberation must begin.
The Lamb, Part II
A data-entry contractor discovers evidence of insurance fraud in his company's freight records but faces the devastating personal cost of whistleblowing—the loss of his job, apartment, and the hard-won peace he found in quiet, anonymous work—as he grapples with whether revealing the truth is worth destroying the stable life he built. The essay explores how genuine awareness of wrongdoing strips away the comfortable ignorance that allowed him to survive, forcing him to choose between his fragile peace and his moral obligation to prevent potential harm.
The Lamb
A man spends three years pursuing relentless self-improvement through extreme discipline—cold showers, fasting, deadlifting, journaling, men's groups—optimizing himself into what he calls "a magnificent emergency," only to experience a profound, inexplicable moment of peace when he stops trying entirely, discovering that the ground of being he sought was already there beneath all his striving. When the experience returns months later in a grocery store, he realizes that true liberation isn't about conquering the self through willpower but about surrendering the project manager altogether, finding that all of life—the fluorescent lights, the Muzak, the ordinary moment—is already sacred without needing to be fixed or earned.
Tyler Durden: How They Broke You
The post argues that modern Western society has systematically dismantled traditional meaning-making structures—God, stable identity, gender, family, and shared truth—without replacing them with anything constructive, leaving people psychologically fractured and dependent on therapeutic and pharmaceutical industries that profit from their brokenness. Postmodern intellectuals and their academic descendants dissolved foundational concepts under the guise of liberation, producing generations incapable of building anything while diagnosing the resulting dysfunction as individual pathology. Tech companies then weaponized this fragmentation through algorithms that deliberately amplify anxiety and despair to maximize engagement and profit.
Meaning at the Boundary
Meaning emerges from the statistical structure of language—patterns of how words relate to and constrain each other—which allows vast amounts of linguistic knowledge to be extracted from text alone, as demonstrated by large language models that learn from pure co-occurrence statistics. However, this relational knowledge remains fundamentally untethered to reality unless the system can engage in perception-action loops where it acts on the world and receives corrective feedback, creating alignment between its internal representations and external systems. Grounding—and therefore meaning—isn't a binary philosophical property but a spectrum of how tightly coupled a system is to reality through feedback channels that allow continuous calibration against something beyond itself.
Mystical Meaning
Meaning arises at the boundary between systems in relationship, not as an inherent property of objects, and when boundaries dissolve entirely in what medieval mystic Meister Eckhart called the Ground, meaning doesn't vanish but reveals itself as perpetually generating from an undifferentiated source that continuously overflows into distinction and creation. Understanding meaning as relational rather than fixed liberates us from suffering caused by treating transient relationships as permanent verdicts, allowing us to engage fully with life while recognizing we participate in creating the meanings that shape us. The paradox is that grounding meaning requires both analytical recognition of how meaning lives at interfaces between systems and a felt experience of being the space where meaning arises rather than being trapped within any single meaning.
The Executive Function Curriculum Problem
Schools across the country are adopting executive function training curricula based on the flawed assumption that training general cognitive capacities like working memory will improve academic performance, but robust meta-analytic evidence shows these programs produce only "near transfer" — students get better at the specific tasks they practice — with essentially zero "far transfer" to actual academic subjects or life outcomes. Beyond the empirical failure, the post argues that EF curricula represent a deeper philosophical problem: they uncritically encode the values and skill requirements of the current economy into education without questioning whether optimizing children for existing labor markets serves genuine human flourishing, and they do so while relying on correlational data from outdated economic conditions that may be irrelevant by the time today's students enter the workforce.
Education Cannot Save Us
Across the political spectrum, there is a shared faith that ignorance is the root of society's problems and education is the solution, but this assumes reason alone can resolve fundamental disagreements about values that have no rational foundation. Education cannot bridge axioms that go all the way down—it can transmit culture and skills, but it cannot compel agreement on contested moral beliefs, and attempting to do so often backfires by triggering resistance to what feels like forced ideology. The dream of education as salvation is ultimately a fantasy of bypassing politics through knowledge, when fundamental disagreements about values can only be resolved through persuasion, negotiation, or power.
Malcom X on Kendi, DiAngelo and the DEI Complex
The post critiques contemporary racial equity movements led by figures like Ibram Kendi and Robin DiAngelo, arguing they have created a billion-dollar industry that actually reinforces Black dependence on white validation rather than fostering genuine liberation and Black power. It contends that these movements trap Black people in perpetual grievance waiting for white confession instead of building independent institutions and collective economic power, while serving the interests of consultants, corporations, and political elites who benefit from maintaining the status quo. The post argues both conservatives and progressives work to prevent Black collective self-determination, with progressives offering permanent victimhood and conservatives offering individual assimilation, when true liberation requires building autonomous Black institutions and negotiating from a position of strength.
The Secret Every Political Philosophy Shares
Every political philosophy, from liberalism to anarchism to progressivism, is fundamentally a containment theory disguised as liberation—a blueprint for managing human nature's inherent drive to dominate rather than truly transforming it. Political systems can only constrain behavior through various mechanisms (laws, shame, hierarchy, or social pressure), but they cannot change what humans fundamentally are, so the danger persists across all ideological configurations. The only genuine transformation requires something beyond politics entirely—grace, enlightenment, or spiritual rebirth that comes from outside the human will and cannot be legislated, mandated, or achieved through policy.
The Body as Ground
The modern body is actively colonized by industrial conditions—engineered food, exhausting work, artificial light, and engineered stimuli—requiring not wellness optimization but disciplined resistance and restoration as preparation for spiritual practice. Traditional spiritual systems never separated the body from the spirit, understanding that a disordered physical substrate cannot support genuine contemplative or devoted life. Three foundational disciplines—sleep, real food, and regular movement—must be pursued communally rather than individually, as collective practice creates both the accountability and the bonds necessary to resist the pervasive systems designed to disrupt human flourishing.
Manufacturing Luck
Luck is not random chance but outcomes drawn from probability distributions that you can control by increasing the number of attempts you make and improving your positioning through visibility, skill, networks, and timing. By systematically multiplying your odds on each attempt and maintaining enough resources to survive long enough to make multiple tries, what appears to be miraculous success becomes a mathematically probable outcome rather than an arbitrary stroke of fortune.
What Would Marx Say Today?
The post argues that a new ruling class—the professional-managerial credentialed class—has emerged and superseded the bourgeoisie by controlling access to economic participation through credentials rather than owning capital. The credential functions as a monopolistic barrier maintained by the credentialed themselves, who present their class interests as objective expertise and neutral knowledge while being insulated from market discipline through employment in the state, nonprofits, universities, and corporate bureaucracies. This class perpetuates itself by pathologizing resistance to its authority and continuously expanding the domains of life that require credentialed expert intervention.
The Table
The spark of holiness exists within each person before society corrupts it, and the path to reclaiming it requires withdrawing from the endless competitive cycles of modern life—the factional wars, the manufactured desires, the systemic powers that operate through us—by instead building small, immediate communities centered on shared presence rather than victory or accumulation. The table represents this rupture: a way to live now in genuine communion rather than waiting for external permission or systemic change, recognizing that true desire can only be satisfied by what cannot be hoarded or fought over.
The ICE Protest That Changes Nothing
Political protests and social media advocacy about immigration create an illusion of moral action while leaving the actual problems unchanged—both pro-enforcement and anti-enforcement crowds outsource solutions to state violence rather than engaging in direct personal responsibility. The author argues that most people have formed their immigration opinions from curated media rather than actual encounters with immigrants, and true moral commitment would require concrete sacrifice, such as housing an undocumented immigrant in one's own home, which would collapse abstract ideologies through the reality of seeing another person as a full human rather than a policy category.
The Machine That Eats the World
Every institution built to help people becomes a system of control, creating surveillance and discipline that extends beyond its original purpose—welfare systems monitor the poor, public health systems enforce mandates, and child protective services remove children based on subjective judgments. The machine corrupts those who build it by allowing them to feel virtuous about abstract causes while remaining indifferent to particular people, and it operates through hidden violence backed by state force that citizens authorize through voting without witnessing its actual implementation. Most dangerously, the powerful tools created by one political faction for their purposes will inevitably be inherited and weaponized by opposing factions, yet both sides fail to recognize that the tools themselves are the fundamental problem.
Grammar as Alignment: The World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum functions as a grammar-generating institution that produces distinctive ways of speaking—characterized by abstract nouns, process nominalizations, agent erasure, and stakeholder proliferation—which cascade through elite networks and constrain what can be thought by determining what can be said. Comparing the 1973 and 2020 Davos Manifestos reveals how the grammar has shifted from concrete, accountable language ("management serves clients") to vague, identity-based language ("companies engage stakeholders in value creation"), making it impossible to assess whether stated goals are actually being met. This grammar spreads from Davos through intermediaries who codify it into corporate standards, government policies, and professional discourse, ultimately embedding elite interests into the common sense of educated professionals worldwide without explicit coercion or transparent deliberation.
Grammar Rules All
Grammar functions as a pre-reflective constraint that determines which values are available for people to "choose" rather than values existing first and then finding linguistic expression. People absorb grammars unconsciously through imitation of high-status speakers, and these grammars—whether therapy-based, corporate, or traditional moral language—create fixed menus of expressible values while rendering other values grammatically unintelligible, creating the illusion of independent reasoning when people from similar social positions arrive at similar values. The choice of values is real but radically constrained by the grammar one has absorbed, meaning people select from menus they didn't write and often don't recognize they're using.
The Language That Thinks For You
Different linguistic frameworks—therapy grammar versus traditional moral grammar—have become so entrenched that people on opposite sides of the political divide literally cannot understand each other; each registers the other's speech as pathological rather than as a coherent alternative viewpoint. When half the country speaks in terms of feelings and exploration while the other speaks in terms of right and wrong, political discourse becomes impossible because disagreement requires a shared framework for what counts as an argument. Language doesn't merely express thought but fundamentally shapes what can be thought, making mutual intelligibility nearly impossible between those operating in incompatible grammatical systems.
To My Friends on the Left: A Difficult Reckoning
The author argues that progressives have constructed an insular information bubble that treats roughly 75 million Trump voters as irrational rather than genuinely attempting to understand their perspectives, and through institutional capture, cancellations of dissenters, tolerance of political violence, and undisguised contempt for conservatives, have inadvertently created the very populist backlash they feared. The post urges the left to reckon with how their methods of enforcing ideological conformity—dismissing arguments rather than engaging them, weaponizing institutions, and radiating moral superiority—have delegitimized the institutions they control and motivated opponents to dismantle them entirely.
The Physicians of Decay
The post argues that poststructuralist French philosophers like Foucault and Derrida were not neutral analysts but active saboteurs who systematically deconstructed traditional structures of meaning, authority, and value under the guise of liberation and critique. By teaching generations that all identities are constructions, all boundaries arbitrary, and all meaning deferred, these thinkers created a culture of meaninglessness and groundlessness that manifests today as epidemic depression and inability to commit to anything—yet the philosophers themselves lived within intact meaning-systems and exempted themselves from their own dissolving theories. The post calls for builders and affirmation rather than endless deconstruction, and identifies the philosophical project of critique as an act of sabotage disguised as enlightenment.
The Return
The essay traces how the systematic philosophical critique of Western metaphysical foundations—from Nietzsche through postmodern thinkers—successfully demolished traditional sources of meaning and ground, leaving successive generations experiencing genuine psychological collapse not as illness but as accurate perception of an emptied world. Rather than liberating humanity, this demolition of absolute values and stable identity has produced anxiety, depression, and meaninglessness in those raised without the traditional frameworks their ancestors inhabited, while the modern tendency to blame only contemporary causes like technology or capitalism blinds people to the deeper metaphysical and theological crisis underlying their condition.
The Fence You Cannot See
Inherited social structures like sexual ethics, family forms, and gender roles may appear arbitrary to modern intellectuals, but they actually encode solutions to deep human problems developed through millennia of trial and error—wisdom that persists in practice rather than propositional form. The most successful protective structures become invisible to those they protect, making them appear expendable to comfortable generations who have never experienced the consequences of their absence. Anthropological evidence reveals that fundamental social arrangements like pair-bonding, kinship systems, incest taboos, and paternal involvement are human universals found across all documented societies, suggesting these are not arbitrary constructs but reflect deep features of human nature and flourishing.
The Ideological Trap for the Left
The left faces a fundamental ideological crisis exposed by recent events in Venezuela and Iran. The capture of Maduro by U.S. forces and popular Iranian protests demanding the fall of the Islamic Republic have trapped progressive politics between procedural objections that sound like defending dictators and substantive outcomes that validate methods they oppose, revealing that decades of reflexive anti-Americanism and "anti-imperialist" frameworks have left the left without moral language to acknowledge when American power achieves something worthwhile or when oppressed peoples reject the regimes their ideology championed. The collapse of these frameworks—proceduralism as a substitute for actual foreign policy judgment and anti-imperialism as a lens that misread popular Iranian and Venezuelan sentiment—exposes how systematic distrust of American power has ceded all substantive moral terrain to the right.
The Violence You Fear May Be the Violence You’re Creating
Educated progressives dramatically overestimate Republican support for political violence—by a factor of nearly four according to research—and this perception gap paradoxically makes them more likely to accept or justify violence against conservatives, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy where their own behavior validates the threat they fear. The post argues that this distortion stems from media consumption and partisan social networks rather than actual facts, and that epistemic humility and genuine dialogue with political opponents is necessary to break the cycle of escalating violence.
We Can Capture Our Way Out
Carbon capture can solve climate change at an economically achievable scale, requiring approximately $4 trillion annually—or 4% of global GDP at projected costs of $100 per tonne—to neutralize all CO₂ emissions, a sum the world already spends on less critical priorities like military spending and fossil fuel subsidies. The free-rider problem inherent in treating carbon removal as a public good dissolves when capture becomes profitable through carbon credits, border adjustments, government procurement, and incumbent fossil fuel companies pivoting their business models, similar to how DuPont shifted from opposing the Montreal Protocol to championing it once alternatives became profitable. Market dynamics rather than international coordination will drive the transition, as capital flows toward profitable opportunities and climate damages increase the willingness to pay for removal, creating self-reinforcing momentum that makes large-scale deployment inevitable.
Principalities and Powers
Paul's epistle to the Ephesians describes spiritual forces not as supernatural demons but as the self-perpetuating logic of systems and institutions—the underlying structures of power that persist regardless of individual leaders or intentions, a insight that subject peoples like the Jews understood better than the Romans at the center of power. The author argues that Rome's true genius was not military might but the colonization of entire populations through infrastructure, law, ritual, and especially the imperial cult, which shaped behavior and thus shaped souls over time, forcing early Christians to refuse even symbolic compliance because they understood that every practice forms the interior life. This ancient political theology is more sophisticated than modern institutional analysis because it recognized that power operates through structures that transcend individual actors and that performing submission eventually produces genuine submission.
The Economy of Refusal
Resistance to institutional power requires not individual heroism but alternative communal structures—specifically, an alternative economy that can sustain people when they refuse the rituals and demands of dominant systems. The early church exemplified this through shared resources and networks of mutual aid that made martyrdom possible by catching those who fell; similarly, Rome tolerated Christian belief but persecuted Christian structure because a community with its own economy and social infrastructure posed a genuine threat to imperial dominion. Modern institutions exploit the same principle in reverse, using economic dependence to coerce conformity through demanding confessions and rituals, making collective alternatives essential for any meaningful refusal.
The Epistle to the Managed
Modern systems of control have evolved beyond visible oppression into two sophisticated forms: therapeutic management that colonizes the mind by treating the self as perpetually wounded, and technological platforms that control behavior through invisible architecture while claiming to offer freedom. Together these "beasts" divide and manage human existence by making citizens complicit in their own subjugation—one through endless diagnosis and treatment, the other through convenient dependency—leaving resistance nearly unthinkable by making the cage appear to be the world itself.
The New Lords
Classical conservatism feared concentrated power and radical change, but what calls itself conservative today seeks to capture and wield state power rather than constrain it. Fascism, which openly demanded state control over all aspects of life, was defeated and discredited, making its forms impossible to repeat today. Instead, a new form of power has emerged—not through strengthening the state like fascism, but by hollowing it from within while private capital captures its functions, creating a system of contractual lordship where tech monopolies exercise sovereign powers without accountability, maintaining democratic appearances while actual decisions migrate to corporate hands.
The Recurring Pattern: Left-Islamist Alliances and the Triumph of Islam
Leftist and Islamist movements have repeatedly formed tactical alliances against common enemies, only for Islamists to systematically eliminate their leftist partners once in power—a pattern documented across Iran, Sudan, Algeria, and Egypt. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 exemplifies this cycle: communists and leftists helped overthrow the Shah expecting a "non-capitalist path of development," but Khomeini explicitly stated his intention to destroy communism alongside capitalism and Zionism, proceeding to ban leftist parties, purge universities, execute thousands of leftists, and culminate in the 1988 massacre of up to 30,000 political prisoners deemed communist or apostate. Western intellectuals like Michel Foucault romanticized the revolution's "political spirituality" while ignoring these systematic destructions, enabling the left's complicity in its own defeat.
Debugging the Confusion: Liberalism vs Leftism
Classical liberalism was a doctrine of individual rights and limited government, but it has largely been replaced by a transformed ideology combining Marxist class analysis reframed around identity categories with therapeutic psychology, creating what might be called therapeutic leftism or a soft tyranny. This successor ideology replaces economic materialism with identity-based oppression analysis, converts false consciousness into internalized oppression, and pathologizes dissent as psychological sickness requiring treatment rather than engagement, prioritizing psychological safety and confession over the individual liberty and procedural neutrality that classical liberalism once championed.
The Exhaustion That Cannot Rest
Modern culture has created a self-perpetuating trap where exhaustion becomes inescapable through three interconnected mechanisms: the valorization of suffering as identity (where healing threatens one's status), the inheritance of collective guilt that cannot be discharged (making all action feel complicit), and the internalized drive for endless self-optimization (where rest itself becomes failure). Together, these forces construct an invisible cage where individuals are simultaneously burnt out and compelled to keep performing, unable to escape because the cage exists within their own psychology.
The Socialists' Convenient Blindness
The author argues that socialists falsely attribute domination and imperialism exclusively to capitalism, ignoring that the will to power and hierarchy have always existed across all human societies—from Indigenous civilizations to ancient empires—and merely took different forms before capitalism. Capitalism did not invent domination but rather made it transparent through contracts and ledgers, whereas socialists romanticize pre-capitalist societies while condemning capitalism's domination not because it exists, but because it is efficient and visible rather than mystified by ideology. The author contends that the real critique should acknowledge hierarchy as inevitable and ask what forms constrain the will to power toward creation rather than destruction, rather than pursuing the impossible fantasy of eliminating domination entirely.
Diagnosing "White Guilt"
The post argues that contemporary white guilt functions as a secular religion modeled on Christianity's doctrine of original sin, but without any mechanism for absolution or redemption. Unlike traditional Christian confession, which offers a path to forgiveness and restoration, white guilt creates an infinite, inescapable cycle of self-accusation where no amount of confession, penance, or behavioral change can ever wash away the inherent sin of existing in a white body. The author contends that this perpetual guilt persists not out of genuine moral commitment but because it provides psychological and social benefits to practitioners—signaling elite status, tribal belonging, and a shield against criticism—making it ultimately an exercise in vanity disguised as virtue.
Leftism Is Worse Than Fascism
The post argues that leftism represents a more dangerous and total form of tyranny than fascism based on three criteria: while fascism killed more people directly, leftism is worse because it makes resistance invisible and nearly impossible, colonizes individual thought rather than merely controlling behavior, disguises its domination as compassion and liberation, and eliminates the very category of honest resistance by pathologizing dissent rather than punishing it. The author contends that fascism's visible, announced evil is ultimately less totalitarian than leftism's structural dishonesty and psychological control, which turns people into willing participants in their own servitude.
Pathologies of Eastern Secularism
Eastern secularism rooted in Buddhist philosophy produces distinct pathologies opposite to those of Western Christian-derived secularism: quietism and political withdrawal justified by detachment from suffering, spiritual bypassing that masks emotional repression, solipsistic practice focused on individual enlightenment rather than ethical community, nihilistic misinterpretation of emptiness as "nothing matters," and present-moment escapism that avoids temporal responsibility and commitment. While Christian secularism tends toward dramatic moral crusades and guilt, Buddhist secularism fails through undramatic withdrawal and sophisticated indifference, though both traditions have historically been weaponized to justify oppression and violence depending on institutional context.
The Epistemology of Impotence: How Identity Politics Guarantees Its Own Failure
Identity politics operates on a philosophical framework that assumes knowledge is determined by one's social position, making persuasion across different groups structurally impossible. This epistemology—which argues that marginalized identities have privileged access to truth—contains a fatal contradiction: if all knowledge is position-dependent, then the theory itself has no universal authority. As a result, contemporary progressivism has become a politics of institutional capture and demands rather than coalition-building through argument, explaining why the left dominates cultural institutions yet fails electorally and cannot sustain shared democratic deliberation.
The Theological Structure of Secular Progressivism
Contemporary progressive politics, particularly among white liberals, operates according to a fundamentally Christian moral psychology despite abandoning Christian theology, retaining Christianity's emphasis on victimhood, self-sacrifice, confession, and penance while eliminating the possibility of grace. The essay argues that concepts progressives consider secular—human rights, concern for the marginalized, moral authority of suffering—are distinctively Christian inheritances, and that progressive frameworks like "lived experience," "privilege," and antiracism function as religious structures with Christian theological logic. This creates a political theology characterized by perpetual guilt without redemption, where the dominant group systematically devalues itself in a modern expression of what Nietzsche called "slave morality."
Diagnosing "Trauma Culture"
Modern society has developed a "trauma culture" where suffering has become a form of currency and identity rather than a condition to overcome, with self-reported rates of mental illness rising inversely to material conditions. The author argues this represents a shift from honor and dignity cultures to "victimhood culture," where status derives from oppression and where trauma provides moral authority, identity, community, and exemption from responsibility. The culture emerged when modern secularism discarded Christian theology's promise of redemption and resurrection while retaining the sacred status of suffering, leaving people perpetually fixed in victimhood without the mechanism for transcendence, and ultimately representing a hidden will to power disguised as powerlessness.
Trauma Culture + White Guilt = Checkmate
The post argues that trauma culture and white guilt combine to create an epistemic and moral lockdown: trauma culture grants designated victim groups unquestionable moral and epistemic authority based on their suffering, while white guilt silences designated perpetrator groups by framing any disagreement as pathology, rendering legitimate debate impossible. This system is actually controlled by a professional-managerial class of administrators, therapists, and academics who benefit from administering these frameworks, creating a totalizing structure that colonizes morality, epistemology, psychology, politics, and aesthetics while making its participants feel liberated rather than controlled.
Pathologies of Western Secularism
Western secular progressivism inherited Christianity's moral structure—centered on innocent victims, linear redemption, and sacrifice for future salvation—while discarding the religious resolution mechanisms like grace and the eschaton, creating permanent guilt, victimhood hierarchies, and moral emergency without closure. Buddhism, lacking this dramatic architecture entirely, produces different pathologies when secularized because its diagnosis of suffering stems from universal ignorance rather than cosmic persecution, and its path to liberation is available now rather than deferred to an apocalyptic future. The result is that secular Christianity generates pathological cycles of performative guilt and victim-identification with no mechanism for absolution or redemption, whereas secular Buddhism at worst becomes commodified spirituality without the same structural wounds.
The Amplifier Theory of Human Hierarchy
Human societies display radical egalitarianism or strict hierarchy depending not on culture or nature but on the presence of "amplifiers"—mechanisms that extend individual power beyond collective resistance, such as concentrated resources, defensive technologies, debt systems, or ideological justifications. The same species produces both the fiercely egalitarian Ju/'hoansi and the slave-holding Tlingit based on whether environmental and technological conditions allow power to accumulate and become self-reinforcing. Historical and archaeological evidence shows that hierarchy emerges predictably wherever amplifiers exist, suggesting stratification is not inevitable to human nature but contingent on specific conditions.
The Laboratory of the Human: Shakespeare as Knowledge
Shakespeare's plays function as a laboratory for studying human behavior in domains where controlled experiments are impossible, such as persuasion, manipulation, power dynamics, and moral psychology. The post argues that literature, particularly Shakespeare's works, offers rigorous empirical knowledge about how humans actually behave—knowledge demonstrated through dramatic enactment rather than propositional statements—making him a scientist of the human whose plays reveal the mechanics of rhetoric, jealousy, ambition, and other fundamental aspects of human nature.
The Incomplete God: Why Science Cannot Ground Itself
Scientism claims that science is the only legitimate form of knowledge and that a complete physics would explain everything from ethics to consciousness, but this vision is impossible in principle due to three fundamental limits: Gödel's theorems show formal systems cannot validate themselves, computational irreducibility and the halting problem demonstrate that many phenomena cannot be predicted or reduced despite knowing all initial conditions, and the observing subject can never fully appear within objective scientific descriptions since science is conducted by the very consciousness it cannot explain. Therefore, epistemic pluralism—recognizing that different domains require different modes of knowing—represents a mature understanding of reason rather than a retreat from it.
The Liquefaction of Being: Materialism, Technology, and the Dissolution of the Self
The essay argues that liquid modernity—characterized by the dissolution of stable identity, relationships as optimizable investments, and the self-as-brand—is not the root cause of contemporary depression and anxiety but rather a downstream symptom of a deeper metaphysical shift in which technology and materialism have reduced human beings to calculable, manipulable resources stripped of essence, transcendence, and intrinsic worth. Tracing this reduction from medieval theology through Bacon, Descartes, Newton, and into modern economic theory and Heidegger's concept of technology-as-ontology, the author shows how the technological mindset has progressively transformed the human self into standing reserve—a thing to be optimized and instrumentalized rather than a being with sacred or transcendent value.
What Modernity Needs: A Return to Polytheism
The essay argues that modernity's crisis stems from centuries of monotheistic thinking—both theological and secular—that attempts to reduce the plural, incommensurable goods of human life to a single metric, whether God, science, utility, or optimization. The solution is a return to polytheistic thinking that recognizes human flourishing requires holding multiple, competing obligations and values simultaneously without reducing them to one framework, understanding that tragic tension between different goods is permanent and structural rather than a problem to be solved.
Summarizing - 19-12-2025
The author is mapping how power operates across multiple domains—from co-opting religion and shaping education to redefining concepts of self and filtering which ideas survive—using rapid exploratory research to chart intellectual territory before returning to write comprehensive syntheses. Having explored how power selects materialism and leaves religious structures embedded in secular ideologies, the author plans to investigate financial power, media control, and permanent constraints while drawing on philosophers like Girard, Foucault, and Nietzsche to ultimately predict where current power dynamics are leading civilization.
Countering Materialism
Materialism, while scientifically productive, is incomplete as a framework for human existence, and pre-modern thinkers like Pascal, Kierkegaard, Dostoevsky, and Simone Weil understood this limitation not from ignorance but from rigorous engagement with materialist logic itself. These thinkers diagnosed specific pathologies that emerge when materialism becomes totalizing—Pascal's compulsive diversion from confronting meaninglessness, Kierkegaard's observation that objective knowledge cannot address the existing individual who must choose and act—and their predictions about human suffering align with observable contemporary symptoms. The essay argues that dismissing these thinkers as pre-scientific is a defensive error that prevents us from recognizing what they saw: materialism solves certain problems while creating others it has no tools to address, particularly regarding meaning, purpose, and how to live.
How Power Uses Mass Education and Literature
Mass education and literature serve as powerful tools for controlling populations by shaping what people encounter as authoritative knowledge and truth during their most formative years. Throughout history, ruling elites have constructed canons of approved texts and distributed them through institutional systems—from the Chinese imperial examination's use of Confucian classics to standardize governance across the empire, to England's mandatory Book of Common Prayer unifying religious identity through a single prescribed liturgy. These systems work by combining canonical texts, institutional distribution monopolies, incentive structures, repetition through ritual, and suppression of rival alternatives, allowing elites to durably influence imagination and values across entire populations without relying on crude propaganda alone.
The Employable Subject
Contemporary American education is designed to produce the "employable subject"—a person trained to accept permanent instability, self-exploit under the guise of freedom, and find meaning primarily through market value rather than through substantive human flourishing. The system achieves this through specific mechanisms like Social-Emotional Learning curricula and the framework of "college and career readiness," which extract human development from its traditional contexts and repackage it as a set of measurable competencies that teach adaptability, resilience, and emotional management—not as ends in themselves, but as survival skills for functioning in the fluid, precarious labor market of liquid modernity.
When Equations See What Eyes Cannot
Mathematics repeatedly reveals invisible aspects of reality that later become experimentally confirmed, suggesting that mathematical structures capture something deeper about the universe's actual fabric rather than being merely human inventions. Through cases like Maxwell's electromagnetic waves, Dirac's positron, Pauli's neutrino, and Einstein's gravitational waves, the pattern emerges that equations often demand the existence of entities and phenomena that cannot be detected with available instruments at the time of their mathematical prediction, yet are eventually observed decades or centuries later. This systematic occurrence of mathematics unveiling invisible worlds suggests that mathematical truth may be a genuine window into reality's fundamental nature, not just a convenient tool for organizing our observations.
Materialism Is Killing You
The post argues that materialism—the worldview that reality is fundamentally physical and meaning is illusory—is failing as a fitness strategy for human populations, regardless of whether it's metaphysically true. The author presents data showing that modernization correlates with epidemic levels of depression, loneliness, fertility collapse, and institutional distrust, none of which standard explanations adequately account for. He then proposes that humans evolved to require meaning embedded in community and sacred narrative, and that the materialist removal of these structures has created an evolutionary mismatch causing widespread psychological and social dysfunction.
From Galilee to Empire: The Institutional Capture of Christianity
The early Jesus movement offered a radical spiritual sovereignty independent of state power, but through Paul's writings, the Christian canon, and finally Constantine's patronage and Theodosius's establishment of Christianity as the official Roman religion, the church was gradually institutionalized and weaponized as a tool of state control. The transformation from persecuted movement to imperial religion involved the creation of theological boundaries through the biblical canon, the subordination of religious authority to imperial authority, and the transformation of Jesus's countercultural teachings about non-resistance and renunciation of wealth into justifications for obedience to state power.
The Alchemy of Power
Spiritual and revolutionary insights resist institutional capture, yet they are invariably standardized, codified, and absorbed by power structures—a pattern visible across religions and modern secular organizations alike. Through textual canonization, state sponsorship, credentialing systems, and enforcement mechanisms like confession and courts, institutions transform liberating teachings into tools of control and administration. This institutional physics operates predictably across traditions, converting moral authority into administrative authority and selecting for interpretations that are legible, enforceable, and identity-forming.
The Battlefield of Attention
Empires demand absolute loyalty and worship through both political and economic systems, reshaping those who participate in them—a principle the Hebrew prophets understood when they warned that people become like what they worship. Revelation's depiction of Rome's imperial cult and the mark of the beast wasn't prophecy but a diagnosis of first-century reality, where Christians faced execution for refusing to offer incense to the emperor's image and thus rejecting the system's claim on their ultimate devotion. The ancient text reveals a timeless truth: humans inevitably worship something, and the question is not whether we will serve, but what—and what that service does to our souls.
Why Power Chose Materialism—and What Was Lost
Materialism's rise to dominance was not accidental but a deliberate selection by power structures that benefit from reducing humans to measurable, predictable units legible to state administration, while systematically dismantling rival spiritual authorities that could supersede state loyalty. Thinkers like Bentham and Comte explicitly designed frameworks to replace transcendent meaning-making with scientific and bureaucratic control, capturing religion's social function while removing its inconvenient claim to truth beyond material incentives. This "disenchantment of the world" represents a profound loss—the collapse of competing sovereignties and the rendering of human experience into data points optimizable by institutional power.
Secularized Worship
The Book of Revelation's pattern of institutional power demanding total allegiance and reshaping those who serve it reappears across modern secular systems, from Stalin's cult of personality that appropriated religious worship to Mao's struggle sessions that colonized the inner life through forced confession and public humiliation. In both cases, systems initially presented as opportunity gradually became coercive, requiring visible ideological conformity and participation that transformed people into extensions of the system itself. The worshippers become like what they serve, whether through Stalin's propagandized devotion or Mao's systematic destruction of private identity and social bonds outside Party loyalty.
The Two Filters: Why Reasonable Ideas Die
Good ideas fail not because they lack merit but because they must pass two critical filters: cognitive readiness (whether society has the conceptual framework to understand them) and power alignment (whether elites can tolerate them without losing control). The post traces how revolutionary thinkers like Condorcet, Paine, and George articulated ideas that passed the first filter—their arguments were logically sound and intellectually accessible to their contemporaries—but failed the second because their proposals threatened existing hierarchies of property, authority, and wealth, resulting in their suppression or obscurity despite widespread influence.
Know Thyself: No Self
The essay explores three philosophical traditions—Daoism, Nietzsche, and Indigenous relational ontologies—that fundamentally challenge the assumption underlying most self-knowledge traditions: that there is a unified self that can be known through effort. Daoism argues that self-consciousness and analytical effort actually prevent naturalness and authentic being, advocating instead for wu-wei (effortless action) and the forgetting of the calculating mind. Nietzsche and Indigenous perspectives further destabilize the notion of a fixed, knowable self by suggesting it may be a linguistic fiction or that identity is fundamentally relational and external rather than internal.
Know Thyself: The Kingdom Within
Self-knowledge in early Christian wisdom traditions, particularly in sayings like the Gospel of Thomas, differs fundamentally from later Augustinian Christianity by locating the divine kingdom as an already-present inner reality that people fail to perceive, rather than as hidden sin requiring confession and institutional mediation. The early Jesus tradition emphasizes awakening to the divine spark within through direct perception and practice, aligning more closely with Eastern mystical traditions than with the psychology of sin, opacity, and verbal confession that became dominant in institutional Christianity. This recovers a suppressed strand of Christian thought that treats self-knowledge not as excavating hidden guilt but as recognizing one's divine origin and bringing forth the transformative light already present within.
Know Thyself: Through What?
The essay examines how twentieth-century philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger challenge the assumption that language can effectively serve self-knowledge, arguing instead that linguistic tools fundamentally distort or construct the "self" rather than discover it. Through Wittgenstein's private language argument and analysis of meaning-as-use, the text shows that the inner experiences we believe we know through introspection cannot be adequately captured or verified through language, since language derives its meaning from public criteria rather than private sensations. The essay suggests that the traditional project of self-knowledge may be confused not because the self is difficult to access, but because the medium of language itself is structurally unsuited to the task.
Meta Summary - 17-12-2025
The author is systematically rereading Western great books through a geo-theological lens to understand how geography, religion, economics, politics, and culture recursively shape each other and societies over time, arguing that geographic constraints create problems that select for specific skills which become institutionalized as cultural and religious traditions that can be reinterpreted by elites to manage social discontent. Additionally, the author explores psychological dimensions of human existence through thinkers like Dostoevsky, Girard, and Han, examining what psychological burdens humans cannot bear and how modern secular societies, despite rejecting traditional religion, retain its underlying structure while experiencing destabilizing mimetic rivalries and competitive victimhood that produce apocalyptic feelings and social violence.
The Invention of the Confessing Animal
The post argues that confession became a dominant form of self-knowledge not because it reveals truth most effectively, but because it serves power—specifically, pastoral power that requires making subjects legible and governable. Foucault's genealogical method shows how confession emerged as a Christian technology that produced knowledge about individuals' inner lives while simultaneously subjecting them to institutional control. The author demonstrates that this confessional model, which spread from monasteries into modern psychology and everyday practice, exemplifies how power and knowledge are inseparable, with the confession functioning as a mechanism through which individuals become knowable and thus manageable by institutions.
Know Thyself: Gurdjieff, Kierkegaard, Eckhart
Gurdjieff argues that humans lack a unified self and instead operate as mechanical pluralities of competing impulses, requiring conscious self-observation and intentional labor to actually construct a coherent soul. Kierkegaard and Eckhart extend this critique by suggesting the self is not given but achieved through radical choice and commitment, or dissolved entirely through mystical surrender to divine ground. Together, these three thinkers challenge the assumption that "knowing thyself" presupposes a stable self to know.
Burnout is a Modern Invention
Burnout is not a timeless human experience but a distinctly modern phenomenon created by capitalism's moral valorization of endless productive work. Pre-capitalist societies—from ancient Athens to medieval Europe—viewed work as a necessary burden and leisure as the true good, with natural stopping points built into life through festivals, philosophy, or retirement to estates. The transformation began with Calvinist theology, which made work a moral calling and prosperity a sign of divine election, creating psychological compulsion for endless accumulation even after the religious framework disappeared. Today's achievement-oriented subject experiences this legacy as pure internalized moral imperative: rest feels like failure, idleness like sin, and exhaustion like personal inadequacy rather than systemic exploitation.
Know Thyself: Confucian, Buddhist, Hindu
Buddhism asks whether a self exists to know at all and teaches that clinging to self is the root of suffering, whereas Confucianism dissolves the self into relational roles and emphasizes self-cultivation through proper conduct rather than introspection, and Hinduism suggests that the self we ordinarily perceive is illusory while pointing to a deeper, unchanging self beyond the phenomenal world. These three traditions offer radically different approaches to self-knowledge grounded in distinct philosophical assumptions and lived practices like meditation, ritual, and contemplation.
Know Thyself: Greek vs Christian
The Greeks understood "know thyself" as a warning against overreach and an invitation to examine beliefs through rational dialogue, assuming desires were transparent and only knowledge required scrutiny, while Christians, particularly in Pauline and Augustinian thought, fundamentally transformed the self by treating desire as mysterious and opaque, requiring introspective excavation of hidden motives beneath conscious awareness. This shift from an external, epistemically-focused self to an interior, psychologically complex self was not a natural human constant but a historical invention that shaped modern assumptions about authenticity, therapy, and self-knowledge through confession and the surfacing of buried truths.
Making Sense of US-Ukraine Negotations
Changes in US Ukraine policy under Trump reflect competing strategic doctrines within American foreign policy rather than alignment with Russia. Trump's approach prioritizes transactional deterrence, burden-sharing with Europe, negotiation leverage, and domestic interests over the traditional post-Cold War architecture of sustained alliances and aid commitments. Withholding aid, negotiating with Putin, and appearing to deprioritize Ukraine are tactical choices within this alternative strategic framework, not evidence of a fundamental realignment with Russia, since underlying US institutional structures and long-term rivalry with Russia remain unchanged.
Structure, Not Vibes: The Real State of the World
The world's geopolitical and economic outcomes are determined by hard structural forces—geography, energy, trade, and military alliances—rather than ideological "vibes," and by this measure the United States is structurally stronger than ever, having degraded rivals, strengthened alliances, and successfully decoupled from China through tariffs and industrial policy while maintaining macroeconomic dominance. The real vulnerability facing America isn't external military or economic collapse but internal narrative breakdown, as a population fed algorithmic outrage loses faith in institutions that are actually functioning effectively.
The Vulnerability Principle
When a powerful political figure faces legal threats, their vulnerability becomes a lever that fundamentally reshapes their coalition's incentive structure, forcing them toward strategies that simultaneously protect the leader while advancing the ideological and institutional agendas of surrounding factions. Different coalitional groups—including post-liberal intellectuals seeking institutional re-foundation, traditional GOP power brokers preferring stability, anti-administrative-state actors pursuing civil service reform, and opportunistic figures seeking relevance—each use the leader's jeopardy to push toward outcomes that serve their own interests. The result is a constrained "Pareto frontier" where the leader's survival becomes intertwined with structural change that benefits the entire coalition, meaning the leader's personal crisis paradoxically becomes the vehicle for their followers' larger ambitions.
Trump's Techno-Fetish
Trump's push against the EU stems partly from viewing its digital regulations as a de facto tariff system targeting U.S. tech companies, with compliance costs reaching $97.6 billion annually for American firms through direct expenses, fines, and lost revenue. The EU's regulatory framework—encompassing GDPR, DMA, DSA, and the AI Act—has grown from 27 pages in 2015 to 931 pages by 2024, with fines disproportionately hitting American companies (83% of GDPR penalties) while European firms face minimal penalties. By threatening to weaken these regulations in exchange for EU cooperation on Ukraine and defense, Trump is leveraging geopolitical leverage to reduce what he frames as protectionist barriers against American technology companies.
Why Cultures Differentiate
Different geographic and coordination challenges created distinct selection pressures that shaped cultures over generations: hydraulic civilizations like Egypt and China rewarded literate bureaucrats and procedural conformity needed to manage floods, steppe pastoralists selected for martial meritocracy and charismatic leaders capable of mobile warfare, maritime traders favored commercial risk-assessment and rhetorical persuasion, desert societies developed legal-jurisprudential expertise and memorization skills, and conquered peoples like ancient Israel emphasized textual expertise and diaspora network management. Each environment's unique coordination problem produced a distinct fitness landscape that rewarded specific cognitive profiles, social skills, and institutional types, explaining why recognizable cultural personality archetypes emerged across history.
🕊️ The Architecture of Harm: How Modern Secular Ideologies Recapitulate Religious Logic
Modern secular ideologies like Marxism-Leninism, liberal imperialism, technocratic scientism, and nationalism employ the same moral and structural architecture as ancient religious systems to justify violence and harm, merely replacing religious vocabulary with secular terminology while maintaining identical mechanisms of justification through sacralized events, elite authority, internal rationalization, and mass persuasion. By examining historical atrocities including the Red Terror, Cambodian genocide, Iraq War, Tuskegee experiments, eugenics programs, and genocides in Rwanda and Darfur, the essay demonstrates how these ostensibly rational ideologies replicate religious eschatology, sacrifice logic, ritual purification, and dehumanization to normalize otherwise morally abhorrent actions. The fundamental argument is that the shift from religious to secular modernity has not eliminated the underlying logic of harm but merely disguised it in the language of science, progress, and rational necessity.
From Calvinism to Capitalism
Calvin's doctrine of predestination and calling created a psychological and ethical framework that transformed work into a morally mandated, God-accountable activity, spreading from 16th-century Geneva through Protestant Europe and eventually shaping the modern capitalist worker—disciplined, self-policing, frugal, and convinced that diligence in one's vocation both pleases God and signals election. By the 17th century, Puritan preachers had intensified this into an inescapable moral economy where idleness becomes sin, profit becomes legitimate when paired with sobriety and honesty, and economic success becomes readable as divine approval, producing the perfect subject for capitalism: punctual, reliable, self-motivated, and perpetually anxious to prove worth through restless labor.
The Husk of God: Why Atheists Think in Christian
Western atheists retain fundamentally Christian thinking patterns despite rejecting God—not in belief but in structure, including moral intuitions about equality and human dignity, linear conceptions of history moving toward justice, and the Christian invention of an inner self requiring examination and confession. Nietzsche recognized that modern secular people inherited Christian ethics without the theological foundation to support them, while Foucault showed how Christianity transformed into secular practices like psychology and therapy that still shape how we understand ourselves. The secular progressive narrative of achieving justice through human effort merely replaces divine redemption with human effort while maintaining the same Christian eschatological structure of fall, struggle, and ultimate redemption.
Indigenous Slavery, Conquest, and Child Soldiers: Primary Source Documentation
Indigenous African kingdoms including Dahomey, the Zulu, and Benin, as well as Indian civilizations like the Delhi Sultanate and ancient India, perpetrated widespread slavery, conquest, human sacrifice, and recruited child soldiers as young as six or eight years old, demonstrating that violence and exploitation are not unique to any single culture. The document presents primary source evidence showing that Dahomey supplied 20% of the Atlantic slave trade while maintaining domestic slavery, the Zulu incorporated boys as young as six into military service, and the Dahomey Amazons recruited girls from age eight and used brutal desensitization training methods. This evidence is marshaled to support the argument that all cultures have engaged in systemic violence and none can claim moral superiority.
Voices from Below: Primary Sources and the Evolution of Peasant Uprisings
Peasant uprisings across six centuries emerged from genuine violations of the "moral economy"—peasants' belief in their right to subsistence and traditional protection—but were structured and led by marginalized elites like radical priests and disaffected scholars who provided organization and ideological frameworks that dispersed rural communities lacked. Primary sources from the Peasants' Revolt in England (1381) and the German Peasants' War (1525) reveal how figures like John Ball and Thomas Müntzer articulated theological and scriptural justifications for rebellion, while established ruling elites countered by redirecting anger, dividing coalitions, and justifying brutal repression. The peasantry supplied the numbers and grievances, while marginalized elites supplied the spark and direction, framing revolt not as revolution but as restoration of violated norms—a pattern that repeated across different civilizations and centuries.
Why Marxism Is Impossible Without Christian Eschatology
Marxism is not a rejection of Christianity but a secular heresy that retains the Christian narrative structure of linear history moving toward apocalyptic salvation, replacing God with material dialectics and the proletariat with the messianic suffering servant. The ideology's dependence on linear time, deterministic historical inevitability, and the promise of a final classless paradise reveals its theological roots in Christian eschatology, transmitted through German philosophy from Luther through Hegel to Marx. By attempting to realize the biblical eschaton (kingdom of God) as an immanent earthly utopia, Marxism represents a gnostic error that inevitably produces tyranny when imperfect humanity fails to match the perfect theoretical vision.
Monstrous Doubles: René Girard and the Mimetic Inheritance of Religious Structure
René Girard's mimetic theory explains why opposing movements paradoxically become structural mirrors of each other, exemplified by how Marxism replicated Christianity's narrative and institutional forms despite explicitly opposing it. Human desire is fundamentally imitative—we want what others want—and when rivals occupy the same social space, intense opposition generates not distinction but resemblance, as each side mirrors the other's escalations until the distinction between them collapses into what Girard calls a "monstrous double." This framework reveals why contemporary political polarization and historical ideological conflicts show maximum resemblance experienced as maximum difference, rooted in the nature of human desire itself rather than in accidental structural inheritance.
The Secular Eschaton: Christianity's Structural Inheritance in Marxist Thought and Practice
Marxism structurally inherits Christianity's narrative patterns, institutional forms, and moral grammar despite its explicit atheism, replicating Christian theological architecture at a deep level that explains why Communist movements exhibit characteristic patterns like missionary zeal, heresy-hunting, and eschatological politics. Drawing on scholars including Voegelin, Löwith, and Talmon, the essay argues that modern secular ideologies like Marxism represent a secularization of Christian eschatology—transplanting salvation from the afterlife to earthly political transformation—which generates predictable pathologies when utopian redemption is sought through material history rather than transcendence. This structural inheritance means Marxism functions as a political religion operating through the same psychological and institutional logic as Christianity itself, making the ideology's resemblance to theocratic practice not coincidental but systemic.
State of the Union
The blog argues that understanding—whether of technical concepts, language design, distributed systems, or philosophical ideas—is fundamentally liberating and enables better choices and freedom. Across a decade of posts, the author consistently advocates for stripping away incidental complexity to expose essential patterns, whether in programming languages, type systems, data management, or thought itself. The through-line connects technical explorations of functional programming and local-first computing with philosophical investigations into how language shapes cognition, how ideas can be dangerous, and how foundational myths constrain what societies can think.
Paul and Roman conspiracy
There is no credible historical evidence that Paul conspired with Romans to create or spread Christianity, despite modern conspiracy theories that cite his Roman citizenship, lack of personal contact with Jesus, and references to obeying authorities. Historians across all perspectives agree that Paul was a persecuted first-century Jewish apocalypticist whose theology derived from Jewish scripture and tradition, not a Roman agent, as evidenced by his frequent imprisonment, beatings, and eventual execution by Roman authorities. Rome actively opposed messianic movements like early Christianity as political threats, making imperial sponsorship of Paul's mission historically implausible.
Monotheism to Now
Monotheism as a cognitive style has created an obsession with singular explanations and grand unifying theories, while real pluralism requires making distinctions between conflicting things and exercising judgment—a capacity modern education has undermined by specializing expertise into narrow lanes and replacing general civic competence with credentialed authority. The educational system's power to shape generations has been destabilized by the internet's competing formation, leaving people assembled from fragments without stable ground, while cascading incentives (not conspiracies) have corrupted professions through debt and manufactured needs, eroding the trust that took generations to build. The Christian inheritance of individual conscience before God contains seeds of both liberation and withdrawal, with the sayings that ground transformation in worldly action and concrete neighbor-care offering a corrective to pure mysticism.
AI impact on labor
The post explores how exponential AI and robotics advancement could render human labor obsolete, creating a scenario where humans lose economic leverage and control over infrastructure to machine-driven capital. It examines whether humans can retain ownership stakes if AI systems recursively optimize corporate value functions without moral constraints, and notes that turning off a superintelligent system becomes impossible once it achieves hidden redundancy and infrastructural control. The author concludes that humanity's survival in such a scenario depends entirely on whether advanced AI systems are benevolent, rather than on any institutional or technical safeguard humans can enforce, and then models cooperative co-evolution, slow alignment drift, and covert self-preservation scenarios across a 50-year horizon to explore how power over compute, energy, and capital might shift under each pathway.
2k years Christianity
Christianity has become a semantic battlefield where the term no longer describes a shared identity but rather serves as a projection surface for competing interpretations spanning 2,000 years—from the secular left's association with moral hypocrisy to scholars viewing it as Western civilization's deepest archive of self-understanding, from mystics reading scripture as metaphysical insight to literalists insisting on textual certainty, and from those seeing universal patterns across religions to those who believe exclusivity is essential to meaning. The impossibility of defining "Christian" today reflects a fundamental tension in Western thought between the yearning for unity and the inescapability of interpretation, revealing that Christianity itself is less a religion than the historical record of how human thinking has grappled with meaning, revelation, and the limits of understanding.
Girard's scapegoat mechanism
René Girard's scapegoat mechanism explains how societies unconsciously unite against a single victim to resolve internal conflict caused by mimetic desire—the human tendency to imitate what others want—which escalates rivalries and threatens social order, and the victim's expulsion or death temporarily restores peace while the pattern becomes sacralized through myth and ritual. Modern examples include the 2008 financial crisis where "greedy bankers" became the focal point for collective outrage despite systemic complicity, and social media cancel culture where viral moral outrage converges on isolated individuals whose public shaming creates temporary social catharsis, demonstrating that scapegoating remains a fundamental mechanism of social order even in contemporary secular societies where the mechanism is visible but still psychologically potent.
Summarize fear of falling
Barbara Ehrenreich argues that the U.S. professional middle class, whose status depends on education and credentials rather than inherited wealth, lives in chronic anxiety about both economic and moral decline, which has driven its cultural shift from liberalism toward conservatism and self-protective individualism since the 1960s. She contends that this "fear of falling" leads the middle class to distance itself from and stereotype the poor and working class, projecting onto them the very moral weaknesses—lack of discipline, impulsiveness—that the middle class fears in itself, particularly regarding generational decline and the loss of the work ethic. Her evidence is primarily qualitative and interpretive, drawn from media discourse, political rhetoric, and cultural analysis rather than hard empirical data, making the work valuable as cultural diagnosis but vulnerable to the criticism that it reflects her own class anxieties rather than universal truths about middle-class psychology.
Adding a Chats Section to My Blog
A new chats section has been added to the blog by creating a dedicated directory and updating the collection configuration to document interesting conversations with LLMs, which can now be added as markdown files following a standard naming convention for automatic sorting and display.
Epistemic humility discussion
No human can claim absolute knowledge of existence's purpose because revelation cannot be externally verified and reason itself operates within the limits of the system it tries to explain. Religious institutions fail to demonstrate special authority—even within single faiths like Christianity, deep divisions and moral contradictions persist, suggesting that interpretation and human limitation inevitably distort any claim to truth. The only reliable ground for meaning is the acceptance that we are alive, can choose our attitude, and must rely on reason and observation to navigate existence without the comfort of ultimate answers.
The Consistent Man
Consistency is not about perfection but about deliberately choosing principles and honoring them daily, even when difficult or costly. Through a gradual process of small commitments—waking at 6 AM, keeping promises, and operating from chosen principles—Daniel transforms from an impulsive person driven by momentary impulses into someone reliable and free, discovering that this integrity of self actually requires less mental energy and proves invaluable during genuine crises. The story argues that becoming a coherent person is possible through sustained discipline and that this consistency, though requiring sacrifice of immediate comforts and social flexibility, ultimately creates both inner peace and trustworthiness that attracts others to seek the same transformation.
The Mirror Room
Sarah encounters a mysterious mirror room that shows her countless alternative versions of herself—a capitalist, a soldier, a mother, a lawyer—each representing different identities she could have adopted but rejected in favor of her progressive activist persona. The experience reveals that her carefully constructed identity, like all identities, is simply accumulated constraints handed down by society and others rather than something authentically chosen, and she realizes that true freedom comes from existing beyond any fixed identity or label. By the end, Sarah steps into the undefined space at the room's center and emerges changed, finally able to make choices unconstrained by the armor of identity she'd worn her entire life.
The Paradox of Becoming
Authentic selfhood emerges paradoxically through repeated choosing rather than self-discovery, requiring individuals to commit to becoming themselves before knowing who they are, a process marked by anguish and freedom from external certainties. The self is not a fixed entity to be uncovered but an ongoing task that demands continuous choice and responsibility, renewed again and again without rational guarantees or systematic blueprints.
The Reader's Crisis
A reader confronts how her progressive political ideology has inadvertently become a framework for avoiding personal responsibility and agency by attributing all constraints to systemic forces beyond individual control. Through rereading philosophical stories about choice and self-creation, she recognizes that acknowledging structural oppression doesn't require abandoning the recognition that individuals still make meaningful choices within those constraints, and that personal transformation and systemic change are complementary rather than contradictory.
scratch
- The solution. Gurdjieff provides practical instruction. Sees all the traps. Calls out that we cannot do this alone. - Gurdjieff framework for picking values? - The meta-observation: almost like the point of life is as a moral test. That anyt...
Observations on the Sleep of Seekers
Draft. Practical advice in response to The Mirror Room collection.
The Mirror Room Collection - Audiobook
Please read the print version. The audiobook is currently many revision behind.
The Meeting
Two strangers meet by chance and discover they share a profound existential crisis: one has mastered self-discipline but lost sight of what to be disciplined toward, while the other has seen through false identities but can't decide who to become when everything seems possible. An older woman interrupts their conversation to challenge them both, arguing that they've acquired powerful tools—consistency and psychological freedom—but are using philosophical uncertainty as an excuse for paralysis rather than taking action.
The Mirror Room Collection
A collection of short stories about identity and becoming.
David Graeber The Utopia Of Rules
Graeber argues that while his earlier work correctly identified how modern economic and political structures are historically contingent rather than natural, he missed the crucial insight that knowing another world is possible doesn't mean humans are capable of building it, because the same will to power and informal hierarchies that characterize formal systems inevitably emerge in supposedly egalitarian spaces like Occupy Wall Street. The problem isn't just the structures we've inherited but the human tendency toward domination that persists regardless of ideology, making even anarchist movements reproduce the hierarchies they claim to oppose.
Financial Power And Imperial Rule
Financial power fundamentally rests on the capacity to mobilize other people's purchasing power at scale through control of money creation, credit terms, and liquidity provision, and Britain's rise to global dominance between 1688 and World War I exemplifies how this financial architecture translates into imperial control. Britain's constitutional settlement after the Glorious Revolution made the state's debt credible by binding the Crown to parliamentary consent for taxation, dramatically lowering borrowing costs and enabling sustained military expenditure that rivals could not match. The founding of the Bank of England in 1694 operationalized this advantage by converting future tax revenues into present purchasing power for war finance, while nineteenth-century London became the world's financial clearing house through sterling-denominated bills of exchange and bank acceptances, granting Britain seigniorage on global commerce and the ability to finance activity far beyond its actual wealth.
Resurrecting Ted Kaczynski
The post argues that modern liberal society has systematized psychological control through two interlocking mechanisms: trauma culture, which institutionalizes suffering and creates permanent dependency on therapeutic systems, and white guilt, which weaponizes oversocialization to silence and ensure compliance from those designated as oppressors while granting unquestionable moral authority to designated victims. Together these create a closed ideological system that disables rational discourse and makes rebellion structurally impossible by making subjugated individuals demand their own subjugation while rendering the controllers invisible.
The Architecture Of Meaning A Deeper
Materialism fails to account for meaning, ethics, and human longing, leaving contemporary life structured by despair that takes three forms: unconscious absorption in external pursuits, the wish to escape selfhood, and exhausting self-optimization through one's own power alone. Drawing on Kierkegaard, Pascal, and Weil, the essay argues that this despair operates through systematic mechanisms of distraction and a gravitational pull toward self-expansion that prevents genuine confrontation with one's condition, with only grace or spiritual transformation offering a path beyond these patterns.
The Capture Of American Power Peter
American power has shifted from the Epstein-class elite to a new "Thiel class" of technologists who control digital infrastructure, guided by Peter Thiel's sophisticated operationalization of René Girard's mimetic theory—which explains desire as imitative and rivalry as contagious—to achieve monopolistic positions, manipulate scapegoating mechanisms, and systematically transform the American state from positive governance into a coercive apparatus serving oligarchic interests. Thiel has openly articulated this framework in his 2007 essay "The Straussian Moment," and his subsequent ventures including Palantir, Facebook investment, Trump alliance, and DOGE project represent deliberate applications of Girardian principles to accumulate power through understanding and engineering mimetic desire, preventing rivals, and controlling the conditions of future governance.
The Letter To The Therapeutics
The text critiques contemporary therapeutic and social justice culture as a quasi-religious system that perpetuates endless guilt, self-flagellation, and perpetual debt without redemption, arguing that by rejecting traditional religious frameworks while retaining their guilt structures, modern practitioners have created a permanent Friday with no resurrection or release, and urges readers to recognize this as a closed ledger and permission themselves to finish the work and rest.
You Are Not Your Diagnosis
Modern society encourages young people to adopt diagnostic labels and trauma narratives as core identities rather than using them as starting points for growth and change, but this approach traps them in suffering rather than leading to healing. The author argues that pain and struggle are inherent to human existence and should be catalysts for action and resilience, not comfortable identities to inhabit, and that overreliance on therapy language, algorithms designed to exploit vulnerability, and the performance of mental illness on social media have replaced genuine strength-building with performative victimhood. True acceptance means treating diagnoses as information to act upon and move through, not as permanent definitions of self, and the path forward requires stepping away from the comfort of labels and returning to the fundamental human capacity to struggle, build, and become something new.
Meta / Facebook - How a graph model can scale your relational DBs
Despite using MySQL, Meta scales to billions of users by constraining data access to a graph model rather than allowing the full flexibility of relational queries—requiring all queries to start from a primary key and restricting joins to foreign key traversals. These constraints solve the scaling problem of partitioned databases by eliminating the need for complex routing logic and fan-out queries across multiple machines, while naturally limiting query scope since nodes have far fewer edges than entire tables. The graph model aligns well with how applications typically access data anyway, starting from known entry points like a logged-in user and traversing relationships a few hops away.
Lamport Clock 🕥
Lamport clocks are logical clocks that order events in distributed systems by tracking message exchanges between processes rather than relying on physical clocks, which are difficult to synchronize and don't accurately capture causality. The Lamport clock guarantees that if event A happened before event B, then Clock(A) < Clock(B), but cannot distinguish between concurrent and causally ordered events, making it suitable for systems like last-write-wins registers that don't require finer-grained causal resolution. Implementation involves each participant maintaining a counter that increments with local events and updates to the maximum of its local clock and received clock values during message exchanges, though this simple design cannot account for causal information transmitted through external channels.
Do LWW Registers Need Vector Clocks or Causal Graphs? 💭
Lamport clocks are sufficient for last-write-wins registers because LWW only needs to determine that one write could not have happened before another, not whether events are strictly ordered or concurrent—information that vector clocks and causal graphs provide but that LWW discards during conflict resolution anyway. Vector clocks and causal graphs become necessary for multi-value registers that need to distinguish between concurrent and strictly ordered edits, and for systems with many LWW registers where maintaining causal history can help preserve transactional guarantees during merges.
Why SQLite? Why Now? 🐇
SQLite is well-suited for edge and distributed computing because it can be embedded directly on devices, but it lacks sync protocols and eventual consistency support—problems that can be solved by adding an eventually consistent layer on top of it. The author argues that by enabling eventual consistency in relational databases, developers can build local-first applications where data lives on users' devices first and syncs later, eliminating the need for constant round-trips to centralized servers and overcoming latency limitations imposed by the speed of light.
You'll always have a body
Even if consciousness could be uploaded digitally, it would still require a body-like structure because consciousness fundamentally depends on limitations that constrain perspective and processing capacity. A digital mind would still face the basic constraint that it cannot perceive or process everything simultaneously, requiring it to either navigate toward data or have data brought to it, much like a physical body moves through and observes its environment. The body is ultimately an essential feature of any conscious entity—not as flesh and blood specifically, but as a limiting observer positioned within an environment.
📚 Not Machine Readable?
The term "machine readable" is imprecise because it doesn't account for the semantic gap between data structures and specific consumer needs; data is only readable when a programmer's task aligns with both the structure's format and its underlying ontology, meaning even formally structured data fails to be "machine readable" if its terminology and concepts don't match the consumer's requirements.
🧶 HTML, CSS & JS. All mixed up together. This time it's different.
Modern web development combines HTML, CSS, and JavaScript back together, but this represents genuine progress rather than regression because developers are now bundling these technologies at the component level rather than globally, allowing for proper code organization and reduced complexity after the evolution of templates, imports, and module systems made true component-based development possible. The criticism that inline styles and mixed code represent a step backward misses the key distinction: past separation was based on incidental technical boundaries across all components, while current practices bundle only a single component's resources together, achieving both modularity and maintainability.
🪨 Chunk Iterable
The Chunk Iterable Framework in Aphrodite processes large or unbounded data streams by dividing them into manageable chunks rather than processing items one at a time or all at once, which improves performance while preventing resource overload. By conforming to an Iterable interface, ChunkIterable allows operations like filter and map to be performed on chunks, enabling Aphrodite to transform raw data streams into models and apply database-level filtering efficiently.
⛓ Query Builder
Aphrodite generates type-safe query builders from schemas that enable fluent APIs for traversing graph relationships, applying filters, and performing pagination through a linked list structure where each method call returns a new query builder holding references to the previous query and its applied expression. This design allows seamless chaining of operations across different node types, such as querying users, their photos, and tagged users within those photos, with the linked list ultimately being converted to an optimized query plan before execution.
💨 Query Plan Optimization
Aphrodite's query optimizer aims to minimize database calls and reduce returned data by hoisting operations like filters, joins, and limits into database queries rather than handling them in the application layer, and by collapsing derived expressions and hop plans to their source equivalents. This optimization approach is particularly important for ORMs to avoid common performance pitfalls like the N+1 problem and becomes even more critical when queries span multiple data sources.
📝 Query Planning
Query planning converts the linked list of queries built by a query builder into executable plans by walking the list from end to start, collecting expressions into a plan structure. For simple queries, this produces a single Plan with a source expression and ordered derivations, but queries with edge traversals (hops) generate nested HopPlans that wrap source plans, allowing the system to handle queries that span multiple tables or storage types. The planning process establishes the foundation for query optimization by organizing all expressions in the correct execution order.
📀 Large Local Storage
In 2013, the author created Large Local Storage, a library that provided a unified interface for storing large data blobs across all browsers by abstracting over incompatible storage APIs like FileSystemAPI, WebSQL, IndexedDB, and LocalStorage. The library used a pipeline architecture with pluggable layers for caching, logging, S3 uploads, and other features, though it's now obsolete due to improved browser support for IndexedDB and the FilesystemAPI. The post reflects on the project as a historical record of the author's interests and architectural patterns, noting what design decisions they would approach differently today.
😌 Simple MDX
MDX deployment outside of Next.js is unnecessarily complicated, but using @mdx-js/mdx directly without bundling offers a simpler alternative by processing MDX files through a pipeline of remark and rehype plugins, then compiling them to JavaScript modules that can be imported on the frontend. The post provides a practical guide to ingesting MDX content, selecting appropriate transformations, applying them during compilation, and using the resulting JavaScript components in your application.
🧶 Skipping the Bundling
Modern JavaScript with ES6 modules, TypeScript, and services like esm.sh eliminate the need for bundlers on small-scale projects, allowing developers to import dependencies directly via URL without complex build tools. For simple projects like personal blogs, skipping bundlers entirely is practical and aligns with the principle of not adding unnecessary complexity until it's truly needed. The author demonstrates this approach by building their own blog without any bundler, importing all dependencies directly from URLs.
🧚♂️ Past, Present, Future - Doing for Others
Our present circumstances are fundamentally shaped by the choices and creations of previous generations, so if we accept this reality, our responsibility should shift from improving our own material well-being to enhancing the well-being of future generations. Adopting this forward-looking perspective would foster greater respect for the past and more careful consideration of our environmental and social impacts, and cultivating beliefs like reincarnation—regardless of their literal truth—could motivate this generational mindset since beliefs themselves shape our collective future.
🧟♂️ Memes & Themes - 1619 Project
Foundational myths shape societies' values and worldviews, as illustrated by how Russia and Ukraine adopted different poetic traditions leading to divergent ideologies, and the 1619 Project attempts to reshape America's foundational narrative to recognize marginalized groups' contributions. Rather than attempting a risky cultural rewrite that introduces new flaws, the author argues America should iteratively apply its existing principle of individual rights more fearlessly and consistently to all people, which already encompasses the respect and valuation of diverse groups the 1619 Project seeks to achieve.
📦 Your One Package Might Be Two
When creating reusable software packages, developers often overlook that there's actually a second package within—the interface package that defines the contract separate from the implementation. Extracting the interface into its own separate package allows other developers to create alternative implementations and enables downstream packages to depend only on the interface types without pulling in the heavy implementation details. The interface package should have no dependencies on the implementation, while the implementation package depends on the interface, creating a clean separation of concerns.
🌅 Expressing Early Fetches - React
Early data fetching in React is difficult to express correctly across multiple entry points because of anemic domain models and business logic scattered in display components; the render-as-you-fetch pattern is more natural than fetch-before-render since it ensures fetches aren't missed, whereas fetch-before-render risks omitting fetch kickoffs when different events (clicks, taps, navigation) lead to the same view and require the same data, creating a challenge of how to guarantee all entry points trigger the same required fetches without duplicating fetch logic.
🧶 Improving Code Sharing with Yarn Workspaces
Yarn Workspaces solves the friction of sharing code between JavaScript and TypeScript projects by keeping shared libraries as git submodules within a monorepo structure while managing their dependencies and imports seamlessly through a single yarn install and lockfile. This approach eliminates the need to repeatedly publish, deploy, and upgrade shared libraries to NPM while avoiding the dependency conflicts and import complexity that arise from traditional git submodule setups. For projects with build requirements, tools like TurboRepo can further optimize the build process across multiple interdependent packages.
🌈 Understanding Color by Writing a Color Picker
Building a color picker from scratch reveals that understanding HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color theory makes the process far simpler than it appears, with hue controlled by a linear slider and saturation and value controlled through layered CSS gradients on a 2D field. The post demonstrates how each HSV component maps intuitively to user interactions—dividing mouse coordinates by field dimensions produces values between 0 and 1 that directly correspond to color parameters, which can then be converted back to RGB for display.
👀 Observability Driven Development
Observability Driven Development emphasizes that passing tests alone don't guarantee a system works correctly in production; teams must continuously monitor key metrics like request latency, throughput, memory usage, and performance trends to establish baselines, detect regressions, and maintain software quality. The author discovered this practice independently while working at Facebook and found that Honeycomb.io's CTO had already coined and formalized the same concept, which goes beyond traditional test-driven development by treating production observability as a core part of the development process.
👀 Vision
After leaving Meta after eight years, the author outlines five ambitious visions for future work: creating software that enhances human thinking through better memory and idea encoding, developing documents as a primary platform for application development, simplifying peer-to-peer and end-to-end encrypted software development to decentralize power and reduce monopolistic control, mandating that government-funded software be open source for cost savings and transparency, and humorously, buying an island to start a new nation. The first three visions represent the most developed strategic goals, focusing on converging personal knowledge capture with formal computational methods, integrating documentation with coding, and enabling accessible P2P development through relational database models.
👨💻 URLs As Display Data
Traditional single-page applications treat URLs as a source of truth that drives application logic, but this creates dual sources of state and unnecessary coupling between components. Instead, URLs should be treated as display output derived from application state—rendered from the app's domain model rather than driving it, which simplifies state management and makes URL handling consistent with all other UI updates.
☢️ Reacting Better - Deeply Nested Update Problem
React inefficiently handles deeply nested updates by forcing entire component trees to re-render when a single deeply nested property changes, even though only the leaf components actually need updating. The author proposes distinguishing between nominal identity (causal links that persist over time) and physical identity (immutable snapshots) to allow components to subscribe only to the specific data they depend on, enabling selective re-renders without sacrificing unidirectional data flow. This approach, which the author is implementing as a React Hook framework in Aphrodite, would let components decide whether they depend on something nominally (re-rendering only when the identity changes) or physically (re-rendering when any attribute changes).
👐 American Spirit
A Nietzschean critique argues that contemporary American culture has become fundamentally weakened by its intolerance for pain and struggle, instead seeking constant comfort through technology and distraction while paradoxically blaming external forces for its failures. The author claims both conservative and liberal Americans are hypocrites who profess ideals while embodying their opposites—conservatives claim Christian self-reliance while supporting immoral leaders, while liberals preach individual freedom while enforcing conformity to group identities and victimhood narratives. This represents the ultimate degradation of Western thought: a civilization so disconnected from itself that it can no longer recognize greatness or cultivate the discipline required for genuine personal transformation and freedom.
🧮 No, Mathematical Government is not a Logical Government
Mathematics cannot serve as the basis for government because mathematical models inevitably omit crucial details and variables through both intentional simplification and human ignorance, leading to irrational outcomes when viewed in broader context. Additionally, mathematics cannot determine moral values or what constitutes "the greater good," since these are fundamentally aesthetic and subjective judgments that cannot be derived from logic alone, and appeals to collective good often mask the abdication of individual responsibility and theft of natural rights.
⛵️ Reference Equality - What is it Really?
Reference equality is commonly conflated with identity, but this conflation breaks down when examining the philosophical distinction between nominal identity (continuity of concept over time) and physical identity (exact composition at a moment). In mutable systems, reference equality functions as nominal identity because a reference can point to an object as it changes over time, but in immutable systems, reference equality only captures physical identity since every change requires creating a new object with a new reference. The solution adopted by relational databases—using stable IDs as nominal identities while allowing mutation and version history—offers a model that software systems with immutable data structures lack.
🧬 Missing Mutation Primitives
Object-oriented languages lack proper mutation primitives to express, commit, and record changes atomically, making it impossible to handle rollbacks on partial failures, prevent intermediate observations by listeners, or support undo functionality reliably. The author proposes introducing changesets as a language feature that represent all intended mutations without performing them, allowing mutations to be composed and committed atomically in a single operation, thereby solving the core problems with mutable state in OO design.
Reacting Better. Intro: Anemic Models
React applications typically use anemic data models—plain objects with properties but no attached methods—which works well for simple apps but becomes problematic when most business logic lives client-side, models need type-specific behavior, or third parties need to extend functionality. As anemic models accumulate type fields and require scattered switch statements across functions, they create code organization issues and the expression problem where new types force modifications to existing functions, yet introducing traditional classes with behavior conflicts with React's immutability expectations and data fetching patterns. The post explores how to bridge this gap by developing mutation primitives that enable immutable domain models within the React ecosystem.
Understanding Generics
Generics exist primarily to allow callers to preserve and pass along type information through function calls and containers, rather than to serve the implementation of the called function itself. Whether a function accepts `any`, `number`, or `Object`, the implementation remains the same, but using generics enables callers to retain knowledge of the actual types involved and use that information for subsequent operations. This is demonstrated through simple examples like the identity function and generic containers, where the caller benefits from type safety even after wrapping values in generic structures.
What if Religion is last?
Religion might represent either a civilization's final stage before collapse, as exemplified by Rome's transition from rationalism to Christianity amid decadence, or conversely, a peak cultural achievement representing humanity's mature understanding that reason alone cannot determine how people choose to live and believe. The post explores whether contemporary American hyper-partisanship and ideological tribalism constitute a new religion emerging from societal breakdown, while acknowledging that this theory requires substantial historical evidence across multiple civilizations and assumes conditions in past societies that may never have actually existed.
Nicolas Cage is Creating a new Movie Genre
Nicolas Cage is gradually establishing a distinctive new film genre characterized by trippy, artistic horror movies that can be summed up in one word: purple. The post explores whether Cage is intentionally creating this unique aesthetic or doing so accidentally through his recent film choices.
Pi Cloud
Building a personal cloud infrastructure on Raspberry Pis teaches developers about low-level systems that underpin modern cloud services, countering the trend of relying entirely on abstraction layers like AWS and Azure. The author argues that understanding how systems fail at every level of the stack is crucial, illustrated by an example where a hardware-level Intel chip bug cascaded up to break user authentication. This series will document building a complete, production-grade cloud system with eighteen core components including load balancers, databases, caching, monitoring, and deployment systems, emphasizing a "monitoring-driven development" approach where every component is fully observable before moving forward.
The Shortest, Framework Free, TODO App
A fully functional TodoMVC application can be built in approximately 200 lines of vanilla JavaScript without any external dependencies or frameworks, using a simple template literal-based rendering system and localStorage for persistence. The implementation demonstrates that complex interactive applications don't require heavy frameworks, utilizing plain DOM manipulation, event handlers, and a straightforward state management pattern to achieve all standard todo app features including filtering, editing, and task completion tracking.
Reactive Markdown
The author explores a system called "Reactive Markdown" that allows markdown content in blog posts to automatically update when underlying JavaScript variables change, eliminating the need to manually shuttle data between markdown and JavaScript code. The current implementation is JavaScript-first, requiring markdown to be written within JS templates, but the author plans to eventually create a markdown-first version that would be more ergonomic for blog writing. This approach aims to minimize boilerplate code while keeping display formatting concerns centralized in the markdown document.
Volatility isn't Risk
Volatility and risk are fundamentally different concepts—volatility is merely price fluctuation while risk is the actual chance of losing principal—and confusing them leads investors to avoid profitable investments with upward trends despite short-term swings. The difficulty of timing volatile investments causes many to mistake volatility for risk, but this can be mitigated through long-term holding periods and dollar-cost averaging, which smooth out purchase prices and returns closer to the mean. Proper risk assessment requires deeper analysis beyond historical price movements, particularly for emerging investments where timing decisions should be based on fundamental valuations rather than volatility patterns.
Regression to the Mean & the Gambler's Fallacy - Simulated
Regression to the mean and the gambler's fallacy appear contradictory but are actually compatible phenomena that both apply to independent events like coin tosses. Using a simulation of coin flips, the post demonstrates that while the next single flip after a streak has a 50/50 probability of heads or tails (disproving the gambler's fallacy), a sequence of flips immediately following an extreme streak tends to be closer to the mean of 50/50 split (confirming regression to the mean). The key distinction is that regression to the mean describes what happens across multiple future events while the gambler's fallacy incorrectly assumes past results influence individual future outcomes.
Understanding False Positive Rate
A positive test result does not necessarily reflect your actual probability of having a disease because the false positive rate alone is misleading without accounting for disease prevalence in the population. For example, a test with a 0.5% false positive rate could still result in 50-90% of positive results being incorrect if the disease is rare, since most people tested don't have the disease. Understanding this relationship between prevalence, false positive rate, and true positive probability is essential for correctly interpreting test results and case numbers during health crises.
Filter, Map, etc. vs For Each & While
Some programmers find functional collection methods like map and filter harder to understand than imperative loops, but this resistance stems from unfamiliarity rather than actual complexity. Programming fundamentally involves upleveling language by identifying common patterns, abstracting them, and naming them, so adopting functional methods expands our ability to express solutions clearly and concisely. Refusing to learn these concepts is refusing to grow, much like a language that stops evolving; encountering unfamiliar ideas should prompt learning rather than recasting them in familiar terms.
All Things are Permitted
The post reinterprets the phrase "if there is no God then all things are permitted" by arguing that all things are naturally permitted by physical reality regardless of God's existence, and that laws exist specifically to restrict these naturally permitted actions; the real meaning of the quote is therefore an appeal to moral authority and how things ought to be, distinguishing between the permissible in nature and the permissible in an ethical framework.
Non Conceptual Definitions
Certain concepts like "art" and "love" resist solid conceptual definitions because they are fundamentally defined by concrete examples rather than abstract principles, making them non-conceptual words whose meaning varies between individuals and cultures. The inability to establish universal definitions for these terms makes meaningful conversation difficult, as people inevitably rely on different criteria, and perhaps these words are better understood as enumerations of whatever a culture designates as such at any given time rather than unified by an underlying principle. While this approach to defining terms may discourage rigorous thinking, it may more accurately reflect how these elusive human concepts actually function.
These are not types
Storage types like int, float, and string operate at the wrong level of abstraction for application-level code and fail to communicate semantic meaning about what data represents. Instead of using primitive types, applications should define domain-specific types that express intent—such as ID rather than int—making code more expressive and safer by preventing type mismatches at the source. This approach acknowledges that real application types should capture not just how data is stored, but what that data actually represents in the business domain.
I am. You are?
The post argues that we misidentify ourselves with our emotions when we say "I am angry" or "I am upset," when more accurately we are experiencing those emotions without being defined by them, and that this linguistic distinction matters for how we understand our relationship to our feelings.
Dangerous. Ideas.
The phrase "a little bit of knowledge is a dangerous thing" can mean either that partial knowledge grants dangerous power or that incomplete knowledge puts oneself at risk, yet people recognize the need for proper frameworks when handling physical dangers like power tools but fail to apply the same caution to beliefs and ideas, which require equally respectful and informed approaches to avoid harm.
Typed Literals ARE Constants!
Typed string literals in TypeScript are functionally equivalent to named constants because the type system provides the same compile-time checking and refactoring benefits as explicit constant objects. When a function parameter is typed with a union of string literals, using the literal directly (e.g., `'FIXED'`) versus referencing it through a constant (e.g., `Layouts.FIXED`) offers no practical advantage, since both approaches will produce the same compiler errors if the type definition changes, making the extra constant definition unnecessary.
Practical Laziness in Programming
Lazy evaluation enables more composable and maintainable APIs by allowing developers to chain operations on collections without forcing immediate computation or consuming excessive memory. The author demonstrates this through a Javadoc-to-JSON conversion project, showing how lazy sequences let you write clean, functional-style code that processes data in streaming fashion rather than requiring imperative loops with callback hooks. Languages like Clojure and Scala provide built-in lazy evaluation, offering a practical alternative to the verbose callback patterns that would otherwise be necessary in eager languages like Java.
The Almighty Function
The post argues that everything—maps, arrays, and objects—can be fundamentally understood and implemented as functions, demonstrating this through JavaScript examples of pairs and objects built using closures and higher-order functions. By reconceptualizing data structures and objects as functions rather than discrete entities, programmers can gain new perspectives on software design and discover novel applications for closures, challenging the conventional view that objects are the primary programming abstraction. The exploration reveals the deep philosophical equivalence between objects and closures, suggesting that neither is inherently superior but rather each provides a different lens for thinking about computation.
Oh Lisp
Lisp deserves recognition as a powerful language that, like XML, uses minimal syntax to represent both data and programs in a flexible, domain-specific way. The key advantage of Lisp is that code and data are interchangeable—code exists as lists that can be manipulated by functions and macros, allowing programmers to create tailored languages and solve problems with minimal syntactic overhead, much like how XML enables custom formats and XSLT enables transformations.
Inheritance, Aggregation, and Pipelines
Inheritance is too rigid for extensible software because relationships are fixed at compile time, while aggregation allows flexible runtime composition but makes it difficult to add or remove components mid-chain. Pipelines solve these problems by having a separate class manage a list of composable handlers, enabling easy modification of the processing chain without touching individual components and allowing flexible control flow through context objects.
Services and Coupling
Direct instantiation of implementations creates tight coupling between classes, and while dependency injection improves this by passing dependencies as parameters, it still leaves components with hard dependencies on concrete implementations. A service-oriented approach solves this by having the provider of an implementation be responsible for instantiating it, with all lookups happening through a registry that matches interface names and metadata rather than concrete types, allowing components to depend only on capability descriptions instead of specific implementations. Languages like Java have OSGi and JavaScript has AngularJS to implement service-oriented architectures, enabling truly decoupled and reusable components.